Abstract

Binomial is a protocol that introduces a restaking paradigm to the BNB Chain. As a platform, it empowers stakers and decentralized service providers to collaborate in securing and expanding the BNB Chain ecosystem. By leveraging Binomial, consensus-layer stakers can extend their role beyond the core chain and gain additional utility to their staked capital, opting in to provide security and computational resources towards a variety of software modules built on top of the BNB Chain ecosystem.

Binomial is represented by a set of smart contracts on BNB Smart Chain (BSC) that governs the collaboration and benefits its participants:

• Stakers: Consensus layer BSC stakers are able to utilize their staked capital and opt in to validate new software modules for the decentralized service providers building on top of the BSC ecosystem. Stakers opt in by granting the Binomial smart contracts the ability to impose additional slashing conditions on their staked BNB, extending the crypto-economic security of the BNB ecosystem. This allows stakers to contribute to multiple services while increasing the security and decentralization of the network.

• AVSs: The software modules that the stakers opt in to validate for are called Actively Validated Services (or AVSs). They are critical components that power decentralized applications (dApps) within the BSC ecosystem. These modules can include critical components such as Layer 2 solutions, data availability layers, keeper networks, oracle networks, virtual machines, cross-chain bridges, threshold cryptography schemes, and trusted execution environments (TEEs). By opting in to Binomial, stakers can render multiple layers of paid services for the AVSs, earning additional revenue streams on top of the yield they receive as BNB validators.

• BNB Chain Ecosystem: Instead of forcing each new module or AVS to rely on fragmented or independent security models, Binomial aggregates the security provided by staked BNB across all these services. This shared security model ensures that each AVS, no matter how novel or complex, benefits from the robust crypto-economic security provided by the BNB’s validators, leading to a more secure and resilient ecosystem.